WUTHERING HEIGHTS
by Emily Bronte
LEVEL 3
Zaid Faisal, National Winner
Generation’s School, Karachi
‘Wuthering Heights’ is the only quintessentially gothic novel of the
Victorian era which depicts domestic strife with brutal honesty, and
this fact bears testimony to the storytelling skills of its young author,
Emily Bronte. The reader is introduced to the isolated moors of
northern England during the winter of 1801, through the humorous
albeit sarcastic description given by Mr Lockwood. Subsequently, he
introduces us to the scheming protagonist Mr. Heathcliff, and his
insalubrious mansion, ‘Wuthering Heights’. Here we meet the elderly
servant Joseph, who is an incurable puritan, and loves to preach.
In striking contrast, his youthful, fellow servant, Hareton Earnshaw
appears reticent but possesses sound moral judgement, and the
courage to follow it. Completing the quartet is Catherine Linton,
who is the novel’s damsel in distress, since she, just like Hareton,
has been deprived of her inheritance by the low cunning of Mr
Heathcliff. She is vivacious and naive, but with nerves of steel.
The indolence and inquisitiveness of Mr. Lockwood make him
befriend his housekeeper, Ellen Dean, who is the most reasonable
and sympathetic character in the book. However, before coming to
Thrushcross Grange, she was employed at ‘Wuthering Heights’ and
hence, she is able to narrate the recent history of the house. Her
narrative reveals that Hareton‘s grandfather, Mr Earnshaw, was a
compassionate and impulsive person, who took pity on a dirty little
street urchin and brought it home, much to the chagrin of his
temperamental wife. Nevertheless, the mysterious creature is
named Heathcliff and he arouses jealousy in Mr Earnshaw’s son,
Hindley, from the very beginning.
Meanwhile, Mr. and Mrs Linton, who are the generous and friendly
owners of Thrushcross Grange, are also brought into the picture. In
spite of the Lintons’ hospitality, they are prejudiced against the
recalcitrant foreigner and forbid their children, Edgar and Isabella,
from associating with him. As a result, Hindley’s sister, Catherine
Earnshaw, is the only playmate Heathcliff has, hence, he becomes
obsessed with her. This obsession, combined with years of
oppression, grinds down Heathcliff until he becomes satanically
vindictive and incapable of ordinary human feelings. His beloved
Catherine Earnshaw does not turn out much better either because
the restiveness of her childhood develops into appallingly turbulent
behavior. Moreover, she becomes selfish and susceptible to flattery.
It is not surprising, therefore, that she goes against her natural
inclination, thereby triggering an avalanche of disastrous
consequences.
Similarly, Hindley Earnshaw also displays a flagrant disregard for
anyone else‘s feelings. In fact the death of his giddy and equally
unsympathetic wife. Frances, plunges him into lifelong despair and
alcoholism. Eventually, he becomes a brute and does not flinch
from tyrannizing even his only child. On the contrary, his neighbor,
Isabella Linton, is an affable and impressionable young woman.
Although she acts precipitously, her upright nature enables her to
show bravery even in the face of crippling disappointment. Her
brother, Edgar Linton, is just as sensitive and deluded as she is, but
more responsible. Despite his genteel manner, he does not shrink
from either difficulty or danger.
In chapter 18, we are introduced to Zillah who has been hired at
‘Wuthering Heights’ for the apparent purpose of looking after Linton
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Heathcliff. She is easily intimidated and rather inconsiderate. I must
confess her insensitive nature is nothing compared to the
cantankerous and treacherous young man she is in charge of. Linton
Heathcliff is actually an egocentric person, full of conceit, and yet, he
is a feeble patient. The doctor, Dr. Kenneth, on the other hand, is
earnest and gallant. Whereas, the solicitor, Mr. Green, is a conniving
and cruel person, who plays a crucial role in depriving Catherine
Linton of her fortune as well as childhood innocence.
In my opinion, the deceptive simplicity of Emily Bronte’s writing
style makes the novel easy to read, but difficult to forget. As a
result, although it was published in 1847, it is popular and relevant
even today. I particularly admire the description of Hareton’s
magnanimity, as it is so deep and beautiful that it overcomes
Heathcliff’s enmity.